Country : | Australia |
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Task
Conflicts and wars are like laws of nature an integral part of humankind. Since time immemorial there have been conflicts and wars in the world and thus military forces, their personnel and the demand for armament goods are an important object of national politics. As a decisive part of Security and Defence Policy, armed forces have an outstanding position. Nearly in every independent state which maintains military forces, these forces can be seen as a large enterprise - in most cases even the largest enterprise. konfliktusok és a háborúk, csakúgy, mint a természet törvényei szerves részei az emberiségnek. Id?tlen id?k óta voltak konfliktusok és háborúk a világon, és katonai er?, maguk a katonák, valamint a fegyverzet és felszerelés biztosítása \ fontos céljai a nemzeti politikának. Ennek megfelel?en a biztonság és védelempolitika egyik kiemelt területe a fegyveres er?k szerepe. Szinte minden független állam, amely katonai er?t tart fenn, úgy tekint a fegyveres er?kre, minegy nagyvállalatra - a legtöbb esetben a legnagyobb vállalkozásra.Like civilian enterprises armed forces produce goods and services, but these goods and services differ from products and services of their civilian counterparts. The range of all goods and services produced by armed forces are wide and manifold, i.e. the output reaches from deterrence and dissuasion, military training and exercises, medical treatment, maintenance in a naval wharf, operations abroad, scientific research work and teaching at military universities to the paperwork of the Ministry of Defence. To produce all final and intermediate products armed forces use land, labour and capital as factors for production. In peace and in wartime the factors of production are scarce and therefore their supply and use in production is always a critical bottleneck for satisfying all the needs of military planners and leaders. In order to be economically successful, private enterprises need to observe the law of rational and efficient use of factors of production. Armed forces as typical state enterprises in the narrow sense without the need to yield profit, especially in wartime, seem to neglect the law of rational and efficient use of factors of production. This special situation of armed forces in a society stimulated economists to study armed forces as “a special case of an enterprise (sui generis)” and they also wanted to know more about the production process with armed forces. Therefore a small group of economists created the discipline “Defence Economics” as a part of economic science. Defence Economics seems to be a rather new discipline without a family tree, which goes back to economic thinkers of the early days of humankind, but this new discipline may have its starting point in the 18th Century when the so-called classics made also some research work in the field of military affairs.
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