Assignment Task:
  1. Introduction

This brief note explains how to approach your literature review section in four subheadings: (1) tense, (2) purpose of writing a literature review chapter; (3) subheadings and numbering; and (4) writing up a concluding statement of your literature review. Some of the ideas explained in these notes should be applied in all the thesis chapters. The literature review section in your proposal or chapter should start off by telling the reader the purpose of the review.  The purpose of the literature review must not only be well signaled from the start but should also effectively build the proposal/thesis around the research questions. The introductory paragraph in a heading is what is usually called a rolling synopsis. It summarises your substantive arguments and conclusions — what you have claimed, what you have found out, and what you hope to discover.

In the introduction of your literature review section, include a narrative that tells your reader how literature was surveyed, search criteria used (keywords used, databases searched, libraries/museums accessed, and major journal investigated); and how many peer-reviewed journals were looked at. You would also need to inform your reader about who the groundbreaking authors are, and who are the most commonly cited authors in the area of your study. This will allow your examiner to evaluate the thoroughness of your review. 

  1. Tense when writing up a literature review chapter:

In your literature review, you may choose to mount your arguments in the present tense (for example Joe Soap (2015) argues that…); or past tense (for example Joe Soap (2015) argued that…).  Make a decision on what tense to use and use it consistently throughout the review.

  1.  Literature review purpose - examples: 

  • To critique and capture previous research and theory in which you will discover and develop the research problem. When writing a proposal, this should be the fundamental reason for doing a literature review.

  • To show the relevance of your theoretical framework to the concepts that your study is looking at.

  • To critique and synthesize literature reviewed showing both the main foundation points for your thesis, opposing viewpoints, controversies in interpretation or contrary findings related to the topic of your study.

  • To identify some key concepts and/or to justify the selection of a particular method of data collection and research instrument used to collect data (to pre-empt the discussion of your methodology chapter). This will ensure that the methodology chapter focuses on how you will address your study’s research questions, instead of writing about how other scholars define methodological concepts. 

  1. Subheadings and numbering

Avoid breaking up literature review into many sections and subsections because this could make your writing fragmented. At the doctoral level, I strongly advise against having a section in a literature review that covers the definition of terms and concepts. Remember that the entire literature review section or chapter is one coherent argument, possibly broken down into a few sub-arguments. Complex numbering systems such as 2.1.3.4  can produce confusion rather than order. As a rule of thumb, you should not have more than three levels in your numbering system (for example 2.1.3 is acceptable and 2.1.3. 4 is not acceptable).

  1. Writing a chapter conclusion

Conclusions should detail what the arguments presented have contributed to the development of the proposal/thesis.  This could be the elaboration of some key questions, the identification of some concepts and tools that will be used in later analysis, or an answer to part of a research question. The literature review conclusion should more or less mirror your problem statement, or somehow relate to the questions that you seek to address with your research.

 

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  • Posted on : January 07th, 2019
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