Subject Code : MITS4004
Assignment Task:

 ICMP protocol: 
 

  • ICMP messages generating by the Ping program
  • ICMP messages generated by the Traceroute program
  • the format and contents of an ICMP message 

Capturing packets from an execution of traceroute 
 
In order to generate a trace of IP datagrams for this lab, we’ll use the traceroute program to send datagrams of different sizes towards some destination, X. Recall that traceroute operates by first sending one or more datagrams with the time-to-live (TTL) field in the IP header set to 1; it then sends a series of one or more datagrams towards the same destination with a TTL value of 2; it then sends a series of datagrams towards the same destination with a TTL value of 3; and so on. Recall that a router must decrement the TTL in each received datagram by 1 (actually, RFC 791 says that the router must decrement the TTL by at least one). If the TTL reaches 0, the router returns an ICMP message (type 11 – TTL-exceeded) to the sending host. As a result of this behavior, a datagram with a TTL of 1 (sent by the host executing traceroute) will cause the router one hop away from the sender to send an ICMP TTL-exceeded message back to the sender; the datagram sent with a TTL of 2 will cause the router two hops 
 

What to Hand In:  
You should hand in a screen shot of the Command Prompt window similar to Figure 1 above. Whenever possible, when answering a question below, you should hand in a printout of the packet(s) within the trace that you used to answer the question asked. Annotate the printout2 to explain your answer. To print a packet, use File->Print, choose Selected packet only, choose Packet summary line, and select the minimum amount of packet detail that you need to answer the question. 


 1. What is the IP address of your host? What is the IP address of the destination host?

2. Why is it that an ICMP packet does not have source and destination port numbers?

3. Examine one of the ping request packets sent by your host. What are the ICMP type and code numbers? What other fields does this ICMP packet have? How many bytes are the checksum, sequence number and identifier fields?

4. Examine the corresponding ping reply packet. What are the ICMP type and code numbers? What other fields does this ICMP packet have? How many bytes are the checksum, sequence number and identifier fields? 

5. What is the IP address of your host? What is the IP address of the target destination host?

6. If ICMP sent UDP packets instead (as in Unix/Linux), would the IP protocol number still be 01 for the probe packets? If not, what would it be?

7. Examine the ICMP echo packet in your screenshot. Is this different from the ICMP ping query packets in the first half of this lab? If yes, how so?

8. Examine the ICMP error packet in your screenshot. It has more fields than the ICMP echo packet. What is included in those fields?

9. Examine the last three ICMP packets received by the source host. How are these packets different from the ICMP error packets? Why are they different?

 

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  • Posted on : January 23rd, 2019

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