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1. Genetic drift was the only source of evolutionary change in Experiment I because the nine genotypes that compete and reproduce have the exact same fitness and the mutation rate was set to 0% to prevent them from acquiring beneficial mutation and evolving a higher fitness during the experiment. 

2. Genetic diversity or the number of genotypes decreases in a lower number of updates or shorter time in a smaller population and in a higher number of updates or longer time in a larger population. Large population size maintains genetic diversity or the number of genotypes longer than small population size, meaning population size is directly proportional to the number of updates or time before genetic diversity or the number of genotypes decreases. Genetic change is weaker and slower in a smaller population and stronger and faster in a larger population. 

3. Large population size has less genetic drift than small population size, meaning population size is inversely proportional to genetic drift.

 4. The potential to adapt to a new disease in a population of sea otters having gone through a severe bottleneck decreases because they have less genetic diversity or number of genotypes that natural selection for the adaptation to a new disease would select from because genetic drift is stronger and faster and genetic diversity or the number of genotypes decreases in a lower number of updates or shorter time.

5. The frequency of a genotype changes randomly and equally to different frequencies over time when genetic drift is the only agent affecting its evolution.

 6. The frequency of the HF genotype changed more times to high frequencies than to low frequencies over time when positive selection and genetic drift affected its evolution. 

7. The increase in the HF genotype is not consistent and varies in the frequencies among trials at update 500 because genetic drift affects with natural selection the frequency of the HF genotype and genetic drift changes the frequency of the genotype randomly and equally to different frequencies. 

8. Yes, if the flex genotype was associated with a late onset disease like Huntington’s Chorea, drift could increase its frequency in a population because genetic drift changes the frequency of a genotype randomly and equally to different frequencies irrespectively of adaptation or fitness.

 

 

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