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The World Oral Health Report (2003)

Two major conditions affect teeth – caries (decay) and periodontal disease. Our mouths are full of bacteria. Germs in the mouth (bacteria) use the sugar in food to make acids. Over time, the acids can attack the tooth, creating decay leading to a cavity. These bacteria, along with mucus and other particles, constantly form a sticky, colourless film called “plaque” on teeth. Brushing and flossing help get rid of plaque. Plaque that is not removed can harden and form “tartar” that brushing doesn’t clean. Only professional cleaning by a dental health professional can remove tartar. The longer plaque and tartar are on teeth, the more harmful they become. Untreated decay can become so advanced that the tooth must be removed (extraction). The bacteria cause inflammation of the gums that is called “gingivitis.” In gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen and can bleed easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that can usually be reversed with daily brushing and flossing, and regular cleaning by a dental health professional. This form of gum disease does not include any loss of bone and tissue that hold teeth in place. Untreated gum disease can advance to “periodontitis” (which means “inflammation around the tooth”). In periodontitis, gums pull away from the teeth and form spaces (called “pockets”) that become infected. The body’s
immune system fights the bacteria as the infection spreads and grows below the gum line. Bacterial toxins and the body’s natural response to infection start to break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place.
If not treated, the bones, gums, and tissue that support the teeth are destroyed. Otherwise functional teeth may eventually become loose and have to be removed. Overall, 70% of tooth loss is due to tooth decay, 20% due
to periodontal diseases and 10% due to other causes2,3. Periodontal disease is one of the most common diseases and if untreated becomes a serious and destructive chronic infection. However this is not the only problem. Oral health problems are also related to general health. This is an important connection in terms of preventing chronic disease and disability and reducing health care costs. The World Oral Health Report (2003)4  stated clearly that
the relationship between oral health and general health is proven by evidence. Since that report, new evidence has emerged further strengthening the case. Oral health and general health are related in four major ways:
1. Poor oral health is significantly associated with major chronic diseases
2. Poor oral health causes disability
3. Oral health issues and major diseases share common risk factors
4. General health problems may cause or worsen oral health conditions.
 

 


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  • Posted on : September 22nd, 2019

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