University : University of Portsmouth UniLearnO is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university.
Subject Code : ENG762S2
Country : United Kingdom
Assignment Task:

Task 1 

Collagen fibrils are an important component of bone. 

(a) Describe how collagen fibrils are formed from tropocollagen macromolecules. 

(b) Explain where mineral forms within the collagen fibrils and why. 

(c) Collagen fibrils in bone are typically 100 nm in diameter and have an elastic modulus of 1 GPa. The collagen fibrils are bound together by a non-collagenous protein with an elastic modulus of 50 MPa. For mature bone, the collagen fibrils are mineralized, with the mineral having an elastic modulus of 150 GPa and occupying a volume fraction of 50% within the collagen fibril. If the volume fraction of non-collagenous protein is 10%, what is the elastic modulus of the mineralized bone material. Make use of the rule-of-mixtures in your calculations. 

(d) The result in c) is much larger than the experimental elastic modulus of a mineralized bone material. Give reasons as to why your answer is different to the experimental measurements. 

(e) Suggest how organization of the collagen fibrils could be used to make bone a tough material. 

Task 2 

Micro-CT is an imaging technique that allows 3D visualisation and analysis of biological structures and engineering materials. 

(a) Briefly schematise x-ray generation and physics. 

(b) What is the SNR? Why is it important? 

(c) What is BMD? Which technique is used to measure it and what are the main results? 

(d) What is Computed Tomography? Briefly describe the process of projections acquisition and image reconstruction. 

(e) How high-resolution micro-CT is currently used in the micromechanical characterisation of bone? 

Please comment on associated techniques used to quantify bone mechanical properties. 

 

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