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Assignment Task:

In this essay, you will be expected to write a thesis statement and develop an analytical discussion that supports the thesis.
A thesis statement is made up of a sentence or two where you clearly state: 1. the precise topic or issue you are writing about, and 2. the analytical position you take on that topic. Your thesis may be your response to an issue, or it may be an answer to a specific question that you have been asked. Your position is based on your evaluation of the available research on this topic and is informed by the theoretical framework(s) you decide to apply. This is a form of ‘critical thinking’, also called ‘being critical’, and often, ‘being original’.

  1. When you are writing an essay, you:
  2. Analyze and evaluate the existing information about the topic;
  3. Establish your analytical position – often, by answering a question, and often in response to the positions of others;

Present your analysis of the issue, and your theory or methodology. This is how you develop your discussion.

See the Library Study Smart website for more information. The Writing page has information about writing essays. The Researching and reading page has information about finding, reading, and evaluating sources, and critical thinking. 

Your essay draft

Introduction

Introduction hint: Write your introduction both first and last in the process. Write a basic draft first, to give you a plan for what to write about. Then write your body and conclusion.  You may end up writing the essay slightly differently from what you thought when you started. At the end, revise your introduction if needed so that it matches up with your conclusions, and the order in which you write about main ideas in the body.

General statement referring to the concepts of diversity, difference and equity as they apply to your social justice issue in schooling. Write one or two sentences to inform the reader of the main focus of the essay, so that they understand what the essay is about in a broad sense.

Thesis – one or two sentences to state your analysis of the precise (narrowed-down) topic of the essay, indicating what specific issue you will be dealing with. Two common example thesis types are:

1. Giving a general but clear answer to a question that has been asked, or

2. Responding to the positions that other writers have taken on the topic.
 
Outline – a sentence or two to describe the main points of the analysis you are making in order to support your position. Introduce the sociological theories you will use to support your analysis. In an essay, it’s not enough to describe a position – you must show how the literature you’ve read informs your position. In the box below, write the main points that you will write about (and support with evidence and examples) in order to develop an analytical discussion. Write the main points in the same order that you plan to have them in the essay body.  These will form the basis for your paragraphs.

Essay body

An essay body consists of a series of paragraphs in a logical order (one point leads logically to the next) that takes the reader step-by-step through your discussion. In the body, you will:

State the main points you are making in your discussion – one main point per paragraph.
Give supporting evidence and examples, and explain how the theoretical framework(s), empirical (data-based) evidence and examples support your analysis. Evidence could come from books or articles (reference all information from your sources), while examples could illustrate the point you are making (reference your examples if they are not common knowledge). Your explanation is where you explain how the theory, evidence and examples show that the point you are making is credible.
Explain how the main point of the paragraph is related to or helps to support your main position or claim (thesis). 

Most essays you will write at university will contain 3-6 body paragraphs (depending on the length of essay and of paragraphs). This template has room for 6 body paragraphs, but you can follow the same pattern if you need to write more.

Paragraph length: There is no fixed ‘rule’ about length, as long as the paragraph contains all elements, which means it will always be more than one sentence. Very long paragraphs often contain more than one main idea and need to be split. Very short paragraphs may not contain enough explanation or evidence to support the main idea of the paragraph.

Body paragraph 1

Concisely state the main idea of the paragraph (topic sentence). For example, you could explore what is meant by access and equity in education.

(Optional, if needed.) Write another sentence that explains more about the main idea.

Write sentences that support your main point by: 

Relating it to the scholarly concepts and sociological theory/ies that you are using in your work. Define any relevant sociological concepts that you use. 
Giving examples that help illustrate or demonstrate the paragraph’s point. Support the point with relevant examples from research or scholarly literature. When you explain how the examples support the point, the example plus explanation is part of your evidence. Sometimes you may be asked to use examples from other sources, such as your experience or popular culture. Make sure that you check your assignment information about the kinds of evidence allowed in your essay. 
Referencing appropriately. Always reference any information you get from your sources. 
Explaining how the concepts and evidence relate to the main idea of the paragraph.

(Optional but often useful to strengthen your discussion.) Write a concluding sentence that explains how the information in this paragraph relates back to or supports your thesis (the topic and your position on it, for the overall essay).

Body paragraph 2

Concisely state the main idea of the paragraph (topic sentence). For example, identify the social injustice you will discuss.

(Optional, if needed.) Write another sentence that explains more about the main idea, e.g. explain why this is a social justice issue and the way power or inequality is present.

Write sentences that support your main point by: 

Relating it to the scholarly concepts and sociological theory/ies that you are using in your work. Define any relevant sociological concepts that you use. 
Giving examples that help illustrate or demonstrate the paragraph’s point. Support the point with relevant examples from research or scholarly literature. When you explain how the examples support the point, the example plus explanation is part of your evidence. Sometimes you may be asked to use examples from other sources, such as your experience or popular culture. Make sure that you check your assignment information about the kinds of evidence allowed in your essay. 
Referencing appropriately. Always reference any information you get from your sources. 
Explaining how the concepts and evidence relate to the main idea of the paragraph.

(Optional but often useful to strengthen your discussion.) Write a concluding sentence that explains how the information in this paragraph relates back to or supports your thesis (the topic and your position on it, for the overall essay).

Body paragraph 3

Concisely state the main idea of the paragraph (topic sentence). For example, identify personal/cultural biases and assumptions that you have observed that impact on education/schooling.

(Optional, if needed.) Write another sentence that explains more about the main idea, e.g. explain how these biases might impact students.

Write sentences that support your main point by: 

Analysing the biases using the scholarly concepts and sociological theory/ies taught in this unit. Define any relevant sociological concepts that you use. 
Giving examples that help illustrate or demonstrate the paragraph’s point. Support the point with relevant examples from research or scholarly literature. When you explain how the examples support the point, the example plus explanation is part of your evidence. Sometimes you may be asked to use examples from other sources, such as your experience or popular culture. Make sure that you check your assignment information about the kinds of evidence allowed in your essay. 
Referencing appropriately. Always reference any information you get from your sources. 
Explaining how the concepts and evidence relate to the main idea of the paragraph.

(Optional but often useful to strengthen your discussion.) Write a concluding sentence that explains how the information in this paragraph relates back to or supports your thesis (the topic and your position on it, for the overall essay).

Body paragraph 4 

Concisely state the main idea of the paragraph (topic sentence). For example, you could identify the dominant discourses in an Australian/global context surrounding this social justice issue.

(Optional, if needed.) Write another sentence that explains more about the main idea.

Write sentences that support your main point by: 

Using the relevant scholarly concepts and sociological theory/ies to analyse or explain the way power is operating in society in relation to this issue. Define any relevant sociological concepts that you use. 
Giving examples that help illustrate or demonstrate the paragraph’s point. Support the point with relevant examples from research or scholarly literature. When you explain how the examples support the point, the example plus explanation is part of your evidence. Sometimes you may be asked to use examples from other sources, such as your experience or popular culture. Make sure that you check your assignment information about the kinds of evidence allowed in your essay. 
Referencing appropriately. Always reference any information you get from your sources. 
Explaining how the concepts and evidence relate to the main idea of the paragraph.

(Optional but often useful to strengthen your discussion.) Write a concluding sentence that explains how the information in this paragraph relates back to or supports your thesis (the topic and your position on it, for the overall essay).

Body paragraph 5 (if needed)

Concisely state the main idea of the paragraph (topic sentence). For example, you could describe how a case study or specific example illustrates the dominant discourse.

(Optional, if needed.) Write another sentence that explains more about the main idea.

Write sentences that support your main point by: 

Critically analysing the case study using the scholarly concepts and sociological theory, and bringing relevant educational policies into the discussion. You may either reference these to further illustrate the inequity/social justice issue that you have chosen or to demonstrate where policies are attempting to address and improve this situation. Define any relevant sociological concepts you use. 
Giving examples that help illustrate or demonstrate the paragraph’s point. Support the point with relevant examples from research or scholarly literature. When you explain how the examples support the point, the example plus explanation is part of your evidence. Sometimes you may be asked to use examples from other sources, such as your experience or popular culture. Make sure that you check your assignment information about the kinds of evidence allowed in your essay. 
Referencing appropriately. Always reference any information you get from your sources. 
Explaining how the concepts and evidence relate to the main idea of the paragraph.

(Optional but often useful to strengthen your discussion.) Write a concluding sentence that explains how the information in this paragraph relates back to or supports your thesis (the topic and your position on it, for the overall essay).

Body paragraph 6 (if needed)

Concisely state the main idea of the paragraph (topic sentence). For example, you could refer to educational policy and/or practice that relates to your social justice issue.

(Optional, if needed.) Write another sentence that explains more about the main idea, e.g. explaining how the policy or practice assists or marginalises students.

Write sentences that support your main point by: 

Critically analysing the policy or practice using scholarly concepts and sociological theory. Define any important terms you use. 
Giving examples that help illustrate or demonstrate the paragraph’s point. Support the point with relevant examples from research or scholarly literature. When you explain how the examples support the point, the example plus explanation is part of your evidence. Sometimes you may be asked to use examples from other sources, such as your experience or popular culture. Make sure that you check your assignment information about the kinds of evidence allowed in your essay. 
Referencing appropriately. Always reference any information you get from your sources. 
Explaining how the concepts and evidence relate to the main idea of the paragraph.

(Optional but often useful to strengthen your discussion.) Write a concluding sentence that explains how the information in this paragraph relates back to or supports your thesis (the topic and your position on it, for the overall essay).

Conclusion

Summarise the main points that you made in the body of the essay, in the same order as you made them. Use different words from the words in your introduction, except for specialised or technical terms.

Restate your thesis (in different words from your introduction), and explain how the main points relate to each other and to your main thesis. In your explanation, you will be showing that your thesis is credible (that the reader should agree with you). TIP: Don’t write something like “My thesis is credible because …” Instead, you show how your main points lead to your position, by using appropriate linking words and phrases. See an example essay conclusion in the Study Smart information sheet “Essay structure”. (You will see in the example that the exact order of conclusion elements may be varied depending on the purpose, but conclusions should contain all the elements.)

Your essay conclusion should end with a strong message that your reader will remember. Finish it on a strong point. Your reader should know why what you have said is important. Look in your assignment information for information about what to demonstrate with your conclusion. Some examples of what might be used to finish a conclusion are:

How it affects the broader topic or context, 
The impact it has/has had on the field or on society,
What more needs to be known.

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  • Posted on : March 22nd, 2019
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