Subject Code : | CON4101 | Country : | Australia |
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Human activities negatively affect the natural environment in multiple ways (Mearns. Norton, 2009; Bernadi et.al 2017). Repeated use of natural resources, generation of toxic, materials during anthropogenic activities, degradation of biodiversity and natural food chain are some of the common ways how anthropogenic activities impart adverse environmental impact, including global warming, climate change and ozone layer depletion (Bernadi et al., 2017; Illankoon, Tam, Le & Shen, 2017). While all of the aforementioned activities are prerequisites for the development of human civilization, there is a rising movement to promote development in a sustainable way that ensures minimal environmental degradation from infrastructure development (Wong & Zhou, 2015; Jalali & Jrade, 2015; Illankoon, et al., 2017).
Despite its tremendous utility in bolstering a country’s financial future, the infrastructure industry is a prime stressor on environmental resources. The building and construction sector plays a vital role in driving a nation’s economy, increasing employment opportunities, and improving the overall quality of human life. At the same time, the environmental footprint of infrastructure development is significant. The global building sector is believed to be a consumer of up to one third of all-natural resources, one-sixth user of freshwater, and 40% user of raw materials and attributing to 40% of solid waste materials (Rode, Burdett, & Goncalves, 2011; Dixit, Culp, & Fernandez-Solis, 2013, as cited in Doan et al., 2017). The construction industry is the primary contributor of greenhouse emissions, climate change and global warming because of it requires a large amount of resources and energy (Aaltonen, Maattanen, Kyro & Sarasota, 2013; Behm & Pearce, 2017; Illankoon et al., 2017; Zuo et al., 2017). In addition to the resource consumption during construction, the operation of a conventional building demands a consistent supply of energy. Literature suggests that the built environment is responsible for contributing towards 40% of energy consumption and one-third of the greenhouse emissions in Europe (Kyro, Määttänen, Aaltonen, Lindholm, & Junnila, 2010; Nielsen, Sarasota & Galamba, 2016). Buildings are responsible for contributing towards 80% of the climate change activities when they are in their operational phase (Nielsen, et al, 2016; Junnila & Horvath, 2003). Therefore, it is important to follow sustainable building design, operation and maintenance practices to ensure environmental protection.
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