Country : Australia
Assignment Task

 

INTRODUCTION - This article will examine the network technolo- gies, device technologies, and spectrum considerations on the road to fifth generation (5G). The mobile industry’s transition from 4G to 5G, which could take a decade or longer, will see network operators, infrastructure vendors, and device manufacturers progressively implement next-generation technologies even as one or more standardized 5G technologies are being defined. This transition period, which we call the 5G Era, has effectively already begun. Several technologies expected to be key ingredients of 5G, such as small cell base stations, are available today. Many others will be developed and deployed over the coming years.

 

Executive summary
Annual global IP traffic will reach 3.3 ZB (ZB; 1000 Exabytes [EB]) by 2021. In 2016, global IP traffic was 1.2 ZB per year or 96 EB (one billion Gigabytes [GB]) per month. By 2021, global IP traffic will reach 3.3 ZB per year, or 278 EB per month. Global IP traffic will increase nearly threefold over the next 5 years, and will have increased 127-fold from 2005 to 2021. Overall, IP traffic will grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 24 percent from 2016 to 2021.
Busy-hour Internet traffic is growing more rapidly than average Internet traffic. Busy-hour (or the busiest 60 minute period in a day) Internet traffic increased 51 percent in 2016, compared with 32-percent growth in average traffic. Busy-hour Internet traffic will increase by a factor of 4.6 between 2016 and 2021, while average Internet traffic will increase by a factor of 3.2. Smartphone traffic will exceed PC traffic by 2021. In 2016, PCs accounted for 46 percent of total IP traffic, but by 2021 PCs will account for only 25 percent of traffic. Smartphones will account for 33 percent of total IP traffic in 2021, up from 13 percent in 2016. PC-originated traffic will grow at a CAGR of 10 percent, while TVs, tablets, smartphones, and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) modules will have traffic growth rates of 21 percent, 29 percent, 49 percent, and 49 percent, respectively.

 

 

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  • Posted on : April 22nd, 2019
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