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Subject Code : BUSM4742
Country : United States America
Assignment Task
    

Task

What you will learn this week
This week you will take stock of how you currently understand ‘design’ as a term, and as a discipline. We will take a bird’s eye perspective on the notion of design,
and understand what it means in practice in the modern era. We design for positive and meaningful experiences – for our customers, employees and other stakeholders.
Throughout this week’s content, you will engage with design thinking as represented by a set of principles, a process and a set of practices (or ‘tools’).

learning objectives
By the end of this module you will be able to:

  • demonstrate an ability to articulate the purpose of design thinking and its origins formulate a high-level understanding of design thinking as an innovation framework

distinguish between design elements of principles, processes and practices.

 


Description and purpose

  • Design thinking is a framework for understanding and solving problems. We all solve problems every day and, similar to our individual personalities, we all have
  • certain problem-solving styles. You will begin by examining the kind of problem-solver you are, right now. You will then compare your own style of problem-solving
  • with that of design thinking.bIn the final task of this activity, we'll begin to build the conceptual framework for how to understand and interpret design thinking as a methodology for problem-solving. It will assist you in distinguishing differences between the key elements of design, which can be broken up into three areas: principles, processes andbpractices.

 

Read & consider a practical example
What role does self-knowledge play in one’s ability to be a good problem-solver, both alone and as part of a team? How do your own problem-solving and personality (or behavioural) styles change when you are working alone on a problem compared to as part of a team? How would you construct a team?

Principles, processes and practices
Design is broad in application and does not fit cleanly into any one discipline. This makes it ‘interdisciplinary’.Design is in itself a discipline, but it also transcends traditionally defined disciplines, such as marketing, accounting, graphic design and industrial design.Design thinking, then, can be thought of as a framework or methodology, which allows people to think like designers when doing many different kinds of work.Design thinking consists of three broad areas: design principles, design processes and design practices.

Instructions
Listen carefully, take notes throughout, and feel free to review this multiple times. This is a key video giving you an outline of design at the level of principles(abstract descriptions of ways of thinking and behaving).Keep in mind there are some different views on DT principles, but they all converge to similar themes. The above video uses the d.school design principles(Stanford Design School). Absorb the framework outlined in this video, and consider what you’ve heard in relation to the following questions.
Questions to consider

  • How does this resonate with or contradict what you already know?
  • How does this relate to your understanding - from previous tasks - of various styles of problem-solving?
  • Pick one principle that resonates with you, and consider a previous experience you have had - either in your work or personal life - where this principle was
  • either (a) well demonstrated, or (b) lacking. What was done well in that scenario, or what could have been done differently?


Transcript of the Podcast
Today, we're taking a look at the article, multi-level consideration of service design conditions. This article represents an introduction to design principles and was written by Karpen, Gemser and Calabretta, of which Ingo Karpen and Gerda Gemser are the first two authors actually work here at RMIT. This is a well citedarticle which is well respected in the design discipline. And what this article is trying to do is really summarize a large body of major literature on design principlesinto what they're calling Constellations. This paper takes a service design lens to understanding the principles of design thinking and what that means. When youcome across the term service design, you can basically read that as design thinking or human centered design. And the authors are referring to it in the context ofdesigning for services as opposed to pure physical goods. Something else you'll come across in this paper is Capability, Practice and Ability, or C.P.A. Now thispertains to the word multi-level in the title. And what this basically means is that we're looking at the phenomenon at multiple levels of analysis. So the capability isan organizational level phenomenon, the top level. The middle level is the practices that are shared between people and the lowest level is the abilities ofindividuals. Quick definitions for those just so we know precisely what we'redealing with. The capability is a capacity to deploy resources, usually in combinationusing organizational processes to effect a desired end.

A practice is a routinized action and an ability is a means or skill to do something. So really, this articlelooks at these three levels of analysis, from capability to practice to ability, abilities of individuals from the most abstract being the capability or organizational levelto the most concrete, the abilities of individuals and all levels in between. One other the word that you'll come across in this article is micro-foundations. And whatthis pertains to is precisely what I was just explaining there. Instrategic management literature, we're usually talking about abstract phenomena such ascapabilities, which are dependent on smaller constituent parts or chunks that actually make up that capability. And by looking at this phenomenon in a multi-levelview, capabilities, practices and abilities, we are looking at the micro-foundations then of what makes up a capability and what underpins that idea. So theconstellations themselves just quickly, number one, human centred and meaning centered. So putting people at the centre and having a primary focus on thevalues, experiences and needs of people. Number two is to be creative and inclusive.

This is exemplified by the following quote: “In a design context,collaboration, conversations and co designing with customers and users and other stakeholders are crucial”. So there's this notion of cocreation, which meansthat often the results we get from ideas which are shaped by more than one person or more than one brain are richer in context than those just purely shaped byone. Number three is design is transformative and betterment oriented. So it really seeks to take people from a current state to a desired state or to transformexisting conditions into preferred conditions. Number four is that design is emergent and experiential, meaning that not everything that the design does can bepredetermined or predestined at the beginning of a design project, that actually we need to be sensitive to the emergent information and have some patience andsome trust in the process that the process itself will guide us and the correct path will become increasingly obvious throughout the project. This is supported by thefollowing quote from the paper: “Designers may redefine the initial goals and constraints of the problem as given over the course of solution generation asunderstanding of the problem and definition of the solution: Coevolve”. number five is that design is explicative and experientially explicit. So this is a bit confusingsounding. But basically what this means is to be explicative is to explain or to to have an explanation inherently contained within something. So rather thanperhaps just working through speaking about something, designers will often try to make things explicit through experience. So designers frequently work visually.


 


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