University : Australian Catholic University UniLearnO is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university.
Subject Code : BIOL121
Country : Australia
Assignment Task:

Case Study: Gustav 

Gustav is a 50yo male who has made an appointment to see his GP for his biannual health check. He tells the  doctor that he has been feeling “a bit puffed” walking around the course during his weekly game of golf.  Gustav has gained nine kilos since his 40th birthday, and his waist measurement has expanded. He laughs  this off as “middle aged spread”, and says his wife tells him he needs to watch what he eats and drink less  alcohol. He works as a journalist for a local paper, which he has been finding very stressful of late, and  spends a lot of his time in the office sitting in front of a computer, snacking. 

Gustav has recently decided to give up smoking, and wonders if this has contributed to his weight gain. He  regularly chews nicotine gum when he craves a cigarette. 

Guiding Questions

Question 1 (8 marks total) 

A. Gustav is late for work and the lift is broken; he must run up 6 flights of stairs to make it on time.  Describe the changes in volume and pressure that will be occurring in Gustav’s chest cavity to  achieve inhalation during his run. Explain why these changes are occurring, and the effects upon  airflow. 

B. Describe the gas exchange occurring between Gustav’s blood and the skeletal muscle in his legs.  Will the rate of gas exchange change during exercise? Explain your answer. 

Question 2 (8 marks total) 

A. Which ANS response would you expect to dominate during Gustav’s run up the stairs? Explain your  answer.  

B. Considering Gustav’s prolonged psychological stress, explain the role of cortisol and the  hypothalamic-pituitary axis in his body’s likely response to these stresses. 

Question 3 (8 marks total) 

A. Describe the role of the kidneys in maintaining fluid balance with reference to the role of antidiuretic  hormone (ADH). Is Gustav at risk of not maintaining homeostatic fluid mechanisms? Why/why not?

B. What is a urinalysis and what is its significance for this case? With respect to the blood component  of Gustav’s urinalysis result, and using your knowledge of normal kidney function, would you expect  this result? Why/why not?  

Question 4 (8 marks total) 

A. Consider Gustav’s blood pressure result and discuss whether the mean arterial pressure is likely to  be varied from normal. In your answer you must include reference to a change in vessel length with  his increasing weight and briefly mention the consequences of any change in BP upon kidney  function. 

B. In this circumstance, do you think the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or natriuretic peptides  will dominate in the maintenance of Gustav’s blood pressure. Discuss the role of your chosen  system in blood pressure homeostasis to explain your answer. 

Question 5 (8 marks total) 

A. Gustav suffered a significant haemorrhage during his appendectomy and required a blood  transfusion. Which blood type(s) could have been safely administered to Gustav? Explain the  potential consequences if Gustav had been administered B- blood. 

B. Gustav has been found to have low platelet levels. How would this effect the ability of his blood to  clot? Explain your answer.

 

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  • Posted on : October 14th, 2018
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