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The aim of the coursework is to learn how filters in printed circuit technology are designed. All design is done in the Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Instructions on how to download ADS software on your computer is given separately.Please note: Support for the coursework is done during seminars. For the lab session to be of use to you it is essential that you familiarise yourself in advance with the ADS software Following a design approach outlined in the introduction of the coursework, design a maximally flat low-pass filter that has the cut-off frequency at 3 GHz, and at least 20dB attenuation at 6 GHz. The filter impedance is 50?. The highest practical line impedance is 120 Ohms and the lowest is 20 Ohms. Filte  is to be realised in the microstrip circuit technology.
Microstrip line parameters are:
Substrate thickness H 2.5mm Relative dielectric constant ?r 4.2 Relative permeability Mur 1 Conductor conductivity Cond 105 Cover height Hu 10mm Conductor thickness T 0mm, 12um Dielectric loss tangent TanD  Conductor surface roughness Rough 0mm

Filters are frequency selective devices that are used to select desirable band of frequency. As such, filters have low attenuation in the passband and high attenuation in the stopband. Depending on the position of the passband filters can be classified in lowpass (passband from 0 to ?c), high pass (passband from ?c to ?) and bandpass (passband from ?c1 to ?c2) filters, where ?c denotes the cutoff frequency. Most popular filter characteristics are maximally flat filter (or Butterworth filter) and Chebyshev filter. In this coursework we will base our design on the Butterworth filter response. Ideal filters cannot be realised so appropriate specification in terms of insertion loss in the passband and in the stopband needs to be given. For example, in the case of a maximally flat low-pass prototype filter specification includes defining the maximum insertion loss in the passband (ILmax), the minimum insertion loss in the stopband (ILmin), and the cut-off frequency ?c as shown in Fig.2. Please note that x-axis is normalised with the cut-off frequency ?/?c. Fig.2 also shows that higher order filters (higher N) more closely approximate ideal filter characteristic.


STEP1: Defining filter characteristics. These parameters will be defined for you and they include: a. Insertion loss (IL) in the passband. The passband is defined by a cutoff or pass-band frequency ?c. In the case of a lowpass filter the passband is from 0- ?c. b. Minimal insertion loss at the frequency ?s – this frequency characterizes the edge of the stopband. The insertion loss in the stopband is required to be greater than insertion loss at frequency ?s. c. Input and output impedance of the system. This is usually 50? impedance. Not every filter will satisfy given filter characteristics, and therefore, based on given filter characteristics the order of the filter is first found. The appropriate order of the filter, N, is determined for given filter specifications. For the maximally flat filter characteristic the order of the filter that satisfies given filter characteristics is given by

    

 

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  • Uploaded By : Roman
  • Posted on : February 07th, 2020
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